Improvement in photographic reflectors



l. H. CH I'HSTMAN & 1, WINTER.

Photographic-Refi-ectors Patented April 28,1874

No.150'fi35.

WWI/arses the-shadows for the moist )orte rrnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

iMPFtOVEME-INT iN PHDTOGRAPHIC REFLECTORS.

.Speoiiicalcionforming part oflyttem liateul N0,, 1-j56,185, dated April 28, 1874 application filed February 16, 1874.

To (all "whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, Jenn H. CHRISTMAN and Jenn Wm'run, both of. Syracuse, New York, have invented 2. new and useful Apporutus which we denonihmte an Adjustable 'llouibination llrotogruulelieilector, of which the iollmving; is :1 specification:

in the roileotoro and ecreeue heretofore used :lor deflecting light in iliotogrurill-galleries, it

hue been found diliioult to niodiily and tone properly the :shzuleu and shadows, so as to dive the desired fullneun and rotundity to the nurtures, dud. eleurncos and transparency to oteli'ect. With the ordinary tint screen the high ii gh is on the cheek, do, are too great, producing u certain 23 nose in etlect, While the ell rules on the neck, h rind the our and around the eye, on the side the no" are too deeply tinted, thus tullneos and rota idity so depioturce, in which thei n w. in the shades and tints liy the ordinary retlceiors, Ni: the whole hotly of the reflected light in thrown in an unbroken muss sidcwise flatly upon the i'uce, and whether the surface of the rclieelor in white or blue, there '3 no menus to modify or change character.

(Eur invention wanderised to obviate the iiiiiou'tlefi lnerctofore experienced, and to furllSil u reflector capable of furnishing any degree of reflected. light, and direct it accurately on any desired. point for producing the nest effect.

The conotructiou is as follows, referring to the oeconuiuuying drawing, in which n perspcotive View of the apparatus is shown.

oblong frame, A, composed of two upri 'hto, 2i cup, and sill, which connect at right tn angles, is SLIPPQItQil in 2* vertical position menus of two ieot pieces, 7) I), from braokoto an the top oi which rods 0 extend up parallel with the si oi" the fruuie A to thee-up, which extends over sides sulliciently to ollowtho upper ends 0i" 1 e rooe to run up through it, one of said rode extending up some distunco ohoyo the cop, to form n pport for it jointed arm that carries on end horizontal screen, a, composed of a. metal. covered. with thin tissue-paper like material, and jointed to the arm iiy means of it pin projecting down at right angles to the i'ruinqand inserted in :1 socket in the end of the urn: at o. The arm is jointed at c, and is attached to the rod 0 above the cup by it ferrule or ring that can slide up and down on rod c, and turn around on it. This construction gives to the 111 rizontnl screen every freedom of movement 1''\ mired. The lower hull of frame A in occupied with a t'rmne, :13, covered on one side with tin or lend foil, or other like material, and on the other with u blue covering. Thin second frame, ll, li-i pivoted in tho h'iiliIiOlllllX frame A, on horizontal. trunnions :it the center of its height. so that it run he turned to my angle. The upper hull of the stationary l'rnnie has n i'rzune, O, similarly hung to thot Just described, and within this frame I are two other snmller ones, l) i), that just fill iio area, it vertical line dividing them. Those frames 1) are covered in the some we as ll, and are pivoted to ilmne- U by trunuions zit-the top and bottom, at their centers, being", hy filih' conntrm-l ion, movable at right angles to their outer nnpportiug frunie C, as clearly seen in the drawing. where ouch oi the frames is turned at little to Show their varied notion. in addition to the reflectors 13 ll .l), there are two oblong ones. if) it, made like them. A 1nd,]; passes through each of these reflectors horizontally ill the center of their length, on the inner ends of which. are broad ferrules, that; lit onto the rods 0, and can slide up and down on them, or turn around, so no to revolve the screens ll into any desired position, their angles to the horizon being determined by their turning; on the rods f. The rods are generally to he held it the desired height by their friction on rods 0, but

set-screws or springs may be employed there for it found necessary.

Ne have found by experiment that the best ei'feetn are produced by the use of the metallic surfaces deseribcd, andmuch more sutist'uo torily than whitooncs; and by the compound action of the several reflectors directing the rays of light with the force and exactness desired upon. any point, the most perfect tintszuul shadingorc produced, for exceeding anything hcretotore attained, and with in tin cility and exactness before unknown. For example, when the front side screen E or E is properly adjusted, it has the eilect to deepen the color of the eyes; if the front and back screens are so placed as to cause their reflected rays to cross each other at the proper point upon the surface to be illuminated, and one of the screens D be turned with its blue surface reflecting onto the same place, so as to eemniingle the blue rays with the others, the compound rays will counteract the defects of a tanned or sallow skin, and will conceal freckles and other defects of like character.

The endless efi'ects that can be accomplished with this apparatus leaves nothing to be desired more in the hands of a competent artist. The top screen (1 serves to soften and modify the lights from above when necessary. The photographer well knows that the lights must be modified and varied with each sitter for the best effects; that thin subjects, or

those with prominent muscles or veins, &c.,

light dress, or with the metallic side upon a dark dress.

we claim in the above as follows:

1. The combination of the double screens I1, I) D, and E E, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 7

2. The combination and arrangement of the screens E E with the upright frame A, side rods 0, and socket arm or rod f, as herein specified, so that they can be elevated, depressed, or turned in any. direction.

3. The combination of the reflectors Dfwith frame A, as and for the purposes specified.

4. The combination of the reflectors B and D, as andfor the purposes set forth.

- 5. The combination of the reflectors D and E, as and for the purposes'descrlbed.

'6. The top screen d, constructed, arranged,

and combined with the upright frame A and 

